Futility Scaling: High-Associativity Cache Partitioning (Extended Version)

As shared last level caches are widely used in many-core CMPs to boost system performance, partitioning a large shared cache among multiple concurrently running applications becomes increasingly important in order to reduce destructive interference. However, while recent works start to show the promise of using replacement-based partitioning schemes, such existing schemes either suffer from severe associativity degradation when the number of partitions is high, or lack the ability to precisely partition the whole cache which leads to decreased resource efficiency. In this paper, we propose Futility Scaling (FS), a novel replacement-based cache partitioning scheme that can precisely partition the whole cache while still maintain high associativity even with a large number of partitions. The futility of a cache line represents the uselessness of the line to application performance and can be ranked in different ways by various policies, e.g., LRU and LFU. The idea of FS is to control the size of a partition by properly scaling the futility of its cache lines. We study the properties of FS on both associativity and sizing in an analytical framework, and we present a feedback-based implementation of FS that incurs little overhead in practice. Simulation results show that FS improves performance over previously proposed Vantage and PriSM by up to 6.0% and 13.7%, respectively.